Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA)

 

Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a congenital heart defect that affects the aorta, the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the body. It occurs when a part of the aorta is narrowed or constricted, which can cause decreased blood flow to the body and increased pressure in the heart. CoA can range from mild to severe and can be detected at birth or later in life.

Causes of CoA

According to Dr Ramji Mehrotra, who is one of the best cardiac surgeons in India, the exact cause of CoA is unknown, but it is thought to be caused by abnormal development of the aorta during foetal development. It can also be associated with other congenital heart defects or genetic disorders, such as Turner syndrome.

Symptoms

Symptoms of CoA can vary depending on the severity of the narrowing and the age at which it is detected. Infants with severe CoA may present with symptoms such as difficulty breathing, poor feeding, or a weak pulse in the legs. Older children and adults may experience symptoms such as high blood pressure, chest pain, or fainting.

Diagnosis of CoA

CoA can be detected during routine new-born screening tests or later in life when symptoms arise. A diagnosis of CoA is confirmed by imaging tests, such as echocardiography, CT scan, or MRI, which can show the narrowing or constriction in the aorta.

Treatment

The treatment of CoA depends on the severity of the condition. Mild CoA may not require treatment and can be monitored closely with regular checkups. Moderate to severe CoA may require surgical intervention or a minimally invasive procedure called balloon angioplasty.

Surgical repair involves removing the narrowed part of the aorta and reconnecting the healthy ends. In some cases, a patch may be used to widen the narrowed area. Balloon angioplasty involves using a catheter with a balloon on the end to widen the narrowed area of the aorta. A stent may be placed to keep the aorta open after the balloon is removed.

Long-term Outlook for CoA

DrRamji Mehrotra is of the opinion that with proper treatment, most people with CoA can lead healthy lives. Regular follow-up visits with a doctor are essential to monitor blood pressure, heart function, and any potential complications. People who have undergone surgical repair or balloon angioplasty may need to take antibiotics before certain dental or medical procedures to prevent infection.

Conclusion

Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital heart defect that can affect blood flow and increase pressure in the heart. It can be detected at birth or later in life and can be mild to severe. Treatment options include surgical repair or balloon angioplasty, depending on the severity of the condition. With proper treatment and monitoring, most people with CoA can lead healthy lives. It is essential to be aware of the symptoms and risk factors of CoA and to seek medical attention if necessary.